Positive Interventions Happiness Attained from Acts of...

Positive interventions have previously been shown to have a positive effect on those involved in these types of activities. This investigation hypothesized that performing kind acts and noting gratitude would have a positive effect on happiness as measured by self-esteem. Further, it was predicted that differences would be observed based on several factors: experimental condition, gender, and religious commitment. Participants (N=30) from a large, northeastern, urban university participated in an experiment in which positive interventions were performed daily for one week. Pre-test and post-test measures of happiness were obtained. The findings confirmed an increase in happiness following both interventions. However, the differences†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the current research aims to increase the knowledge base about the most efficient methods to increase happiness for a population that can substantially benefit from the information. Previous work has shown that performing positive activities, such as acts of kindness and the noting of gratitude, can positively affect well-being. Buchanan and Bardi (2010) found support for increases in life satisfaction and well-being from performing acts of kindness. Emmons and McCollough (2003) identified increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect through gratitude listing. However, clear evidence in support of greater beneficence in one of these methods over the other does not exist. In aiming to obtain this â€Å"crucial† evidence, the current study compares the changes in happiness related to these two interventions. Furthermore, evidence has been published that individual differences in those participating in interventions have an effect on the outcomes obtained. Froh, Yurkewicz, and Kashdan (2009) obtained proof that adolescent males obtained more social benefit from gratitude than adolescent females. The current study explores this relationship in older participants and extends the inquiry to see if differences exist due to gender in the outcomes obtained from acts of kindness, as well. The third aspect the current study investigates is the role of religion in happiness gains. CertainShow MoreRelatedStreet Children17655 Words   |  71 Pagessupports from different people and organizations through out my work on this senior essay; and I am grateful to each one of them. Assefa Melka, my advisor, I am thankful to your friendly advise on my work and free offerings that you provided me with. I wish you more success. Eteteye, my the now single mother, when every time I think of your optimal effort to provide ‘all of us’ with each and every needs wants of our lives, I run out of words.. Ete, I have no words to explain my gratitude which emancipatesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproductionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pageswas printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submittedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesYork City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, StrikingRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageswritten permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08

Essay The Ethics of Longevity - 894 Words

Within the last century, the advancements of modern science, technology and research have increased the average human life expectancy worldwide. While new research has produced drugs to help us live longer with diseases like cancer, AIDS and diabetes, it has also created designer drugs to aid and relieve the side affects of aging. With these benefits come personal rights and social responsibilities not faced by previous generations. For all of the of those that work tirelessly to bring these drugs to improve the daily life of others for little rewards, there are pharmaceutical giants whose profits climb to new heights by marketing drugs to the aging population. This paper will discuss two ethical issues surrounding longevity, the ethics†¦show more content†¦(Phatak, 1998) Many companies have found deceptive ways around the medical community to sell consumers a magic pill, whether it’s truly a new drug or not. A small little tablet called Protandim was released on the market claiming to ‘reverse the damages of aging’ by a company called LifeVantage. (marketwatch.com, 2012) These patented pills are classified as ‘supplements’, not pharmaceuticals, and the company is registered as a ‘food product’ manufacturer. The general public may not know they don’t have the protection of FDA standards if they take these pills, supplements don’t need FDA approval in the U.S., as a new drug coming to market would. (FDA, 2012) The decision to take products to maintain a healthy lifestyle, whether it is medications, supplements, vitamins, or energy drinks, is an individual’s choice. The struggle to stay young as we all inevitably age raises the question: What is life worth if you do not have quality of life? Quality as defined by the individual. What if, as many face across the globe, ‘quality’ becomes the right to choose not to live longer, but to die with dignity? The idea of choosing to cause one’s own death is inconceivable to a healthy person. However to some facing the terminal reality of pain and suffering, crippling agony, loss of control of functions and mental faculties,Show MoreRelatedEthics Is Vital For The Success And Longevity Of Any International Businessperson1584 Words   |  7 Pageswith it has materialized a new complexity in business transactions. Ethics relies heavily on the norms of one’s culture. Different ethical standards can reside not only within a country, region, or community; but also in a person-by-person basis. Therefore, there is no such thing as a strict protocol that a corporation can adhere to. The ability to adapt to situations in a case-by-case scenario is vital for the success and longevity of any international businessperson. Before conquering a strategyRead MoreHuman Nature, Unethical Behavior, Ethical Behavior And Work934 Words   |  4 Pagesethical work force. According to Business Ethics, â€Å"ethics is the set of principles a person uses to determine whether an action is good or bad† (Collins, 2012). While some would argue the greatest achievement in longevity is a strong bottom line, others state by forging a strong correlation between ethical behavior and work habits, employees are less likely to participate in workplace misconduct. This essay identifies the direct correlation with longevity and an ethical work force. So does ethicalRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesmore. Social justice theory of ethics suggests that who is benefited is as important as how many are benefited (IIT, 2016). In the article â€Å"The Need for Ethical Leadership,† Butcher (1997) stated that â€Å"things that affect free enterprise affect the whole soc iety† (p. 86). Additionally, Aleksic (2013) wrote the article â€Å"How Organizations Achieve Longevity† and suggested that â€Å"change management can be considered as an important determinant of organizational longevity† (p. 65). Moreover, Khan (2014)Read MoreCan Business Ethics Be Taught?1024 Words   |  5 PagesCan business ethics be taught? Business Ethics can be defined as the study and evaluation of decision making by businesses according to moral concepts and judgments. Ethical issues range from a company’s obligation to be honest with its customers to a company’s responsibility to preserve the environment and protect employee rights. Ethics includes the need to produce a reasonable profit for the company’s shareholders with honesty in business practices, safety in the workplace, and larger environmentalRead MoreDefining Characteristics Of Dystopian Literature755 Words   |  4 PagesTwo Defining Characteristics of Dystopian Literature A characteristic that defines ‘The Declaration’ as a dystopian literature is the extremely controlling government, or ‘Authorities’. The Authorities control; the birth rates (next to none), the Longevity drug distribution, what the ‘Legal’ citizens believe about the Surpluses, what the Surpluses believe about themselves, the catchers, and even what the Surpluses eat for breakfast plus much more. Another defining characteristic is that free thinkingRead MoreEssay Ethics and Moral Philosophies1563 Words   |  7 Pagesamp; Ferrell, 2013, pg. 153). Business philosophy deals with the role of business in the solutions to moral principles. As individuals or groups there is a conscious need to keep values, ethics, and the human factor in mind in decision-making whether in business or life decisions. Behavior and Decision-Making Ethics and moral behavior are hot button issues in business due to the unethical decisions made by executives at Enron, Tyco, and Worldcom. The amoral decision to lie-cheat-steal to attain personalRead MoreA Brief Note On Track Cellphone Usage And Moral Agents1721 Words   |  7 Pagestake part in the project and takes the consequences that follow such a choice, he is then removed from the discussion entirely. What is at stake? The things to consider that are at stake from this scenario are, the company’s reputation, financial longevity and the privacy of the children. If this application turns to be a piece of software that is very controversial in society then not only will the company’s reputation get tarnished, but the value of the company will also decrease. This would causesRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ETHICS REFLECTION Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection In the last decade ethics has taken an important place in corporate America after some unethical and fraudulent business practices getting uncovered. Few companies’ such as Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom have made their name synonymous with corporate fraud. Unethical behavior of top executives like Bernard Madoff and Martha Stewart can sink the whole company. This paper will explainRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A New Eu Strategy For Multinational Enterprises And Social Policy1044 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial realities and do not bet on the longevity of the CSR. For many observers, the real test of sustainability of CSR should be the economic crisis. As it was often the case in the past with it, companies had to return to the harsh reality (back to basics). Today, we are experiencing a major economic crisis, which follows the stock market crisis of 2008 and the states debts. Yet not only CSR is still there, but it has increased. This longevity reveals a profound transformation: it wentRead MoreEthical Leadership : A Study Of Its Effects On The Sustainability And Longevity Of International Organizations1826 Words   |  8 PagesThe preliminary title of my research topic is â€Å"Institutionalized Ethical Leadership: A study of its effects on the sustainability and longevity of international organizations.† Annotated Bibliography Brown, M., Trevià ±o, L. (2014). Do Role Models Matter? An Investigation of Role Modeling as an Antecedent of Perceived Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics (2014). 122:587–598 DOI 10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0. Abstract Thus far, we know much more about the significant outcomes of perceived

Why Am I Happy Essay - 1551 Words

Why am I happy? This is perhaps one of the most common questions that the average person asks themselves. Our society has become obsessed with happiness. Even in our very constitution it is written that citizens are entitled to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (constitution). Advertisements abound that tell consumers how much more happy they will be if they were to buy a product. In this quest for positive well-being, people take many different paths. In this paper I shall be discussing three separate and distinct ways in which people pursue pleasant experiences, as well as what makes a person more likely to agree with any one perspectives. This is not a paper about happiness; this is a paper about the road to it. Before†¦show more content†¦One widely held definition, as outlined by Layard, states that â€Å"happiness is feeling good as opposed to unhappiness which is feeling bad and wanting things to be different,† or more simply put â₠¬Å"happiness begins where sadness ends.†(Layard) For the purposes of this paper, this definition is very suitable. It takes into account both schools of happiness as well as all levels of happiness. The first cause of happiness is from â€Å"unexpected positive events.† (Lewis) According to this school of thought, happiness arises due to specific positive instances such as being given a gift, receiving a promotion, or winning the lottery. Interviews suggest that this is a large factor in creating happiness. While most agree that this does not really create day to day happiness, all agree that they are happy after an unexpected positive event occurs. (All interviews) The unexpectedness of the event is key. Evidence shows that people in generally are not very good at estimating how much happiness that an event will produce. In fact, almost always one tends to overestimate how happy they will be after an event. Thus, if that event is expected it almost always fails to m eet this idealistic expectation and can actually cause sadness and disappointment. (Weiten) This can be seen in interviews, where, when questioned about McDonalds French fries, interviewees almost invariably answered that theShow MoreRelatedThe Poem The Refuge 1233 Words   |  5 Pagesare, and will be looser. This is funny to say that I was, I am, and and will be great title winner, where nobody loose but I the winner always win. You may think I am dumb and talk about I am being winner is dumbest thing I have ever talk. You can call me whatever you can because I was born with great title that few people in this world had, have, and will have. The title that might get you to know what is that. Let s talk about Bhutan. I think everybody know that country Bhutan that is knownRead MoreSample Resume : My Name Currently Is Devthedinosaur975 Words   |  4 Pagescom/profile/DevTheDinosaur/950d8a3f Age: I am currently 15 years old. Timezone: AEST UTC+10:00 Location: I am currently living in Australia. Gender: I am male. How many hours can you play each day? I can I play up to 10 hours maximum every day and 3 hours minimum. I will give you a schedule : Sunday : 3-6 hours. Monday : 3-6 hours. Tuesday : 3-6 hours. Wednesday : 3-7 hours. Thursday : 3-7 hours. Friday : 3-10 hours. Saturday : 3-9 hours. All these times are not certain but can be possible. ( I may change my scheduleRead MoreEssay about What I Want in a Boyfriend699 Words   |  3 PagesI would like to believe that I am most accurately described as a nurturing, compassionate, and loving boyfriend. All too often my ears pick up on the conversations of people declaring that I am all of these qualities and many more, no conceit intended. Ironically, a recent relationship of mine ended after six months of problem after problem. I believe that the expectations for me, as they are for all guys in a relationship, were unreasonable and slightly unfair. While there was not clear reasonRead MoreNew Years Eve1077 Words   |  4 Pages2013 08:30PM It was 08:30pm and I was sitting in my office, enjoying the last day of this year. I was happy, my friends,my colleagues, my seniors everyone was happy because we were about to leave for the biggest party of the year. Every year our company organizes this biggest party and in this party they announces the best employee of the year. I was also in the list of nominees of the best employee and some of my seniors told me that in this year I will get this award. I was very very excited. But thereRead MoreHappy Birthday Speech Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesOk, ladies, I am going to be honest with you on this one. Every time I hear this question, all I want to say is – why won’t people leave their exes alone? No, seriously, why not leave them alone? Can you imagine if all of your exes were texting you ‘Happy Birthday’? Wouldn’t that be creepy? And now, to take one step further, let’s not forget that our calendars are full of other important dates – Christmas, New Year, Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving†¦ Should you send them your ‘best wishes’ on these daysRead MoreThe Meaning Of My Life Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagessome may say that the true purpose is to work hard, by setting goals that you should achieve. Honestly, I feel as though this is most of the worlds aspect on life, very seldom does anyone want to do things that makes them truly happy, they do things that they believe that would please society. The meaning of my life is to find out what the true meaning and purpose of my life is, and be happy during this adventure. In English, one of the short stories we read was about an indian camp, where aRead MorePurposeful Life1494 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 1, 2014 Purposeful Life Within this crowded and noisy life, I realized myself as a person having a name, personality, belonging and so on. All belong to me, like my parents, my brother, my game, my house and so like... Then, they told me go ahead and live your life; weave your way through the crowd; it’s your time, and you have the right to live and express yourself. Work hard, collect money, feel happy and enjoy your life ,then finally, make a family, have a nice house and car andRead MoreApplication Essay Sample873 Words   |  4 PagesWhy have you applied to become staff? I wanna be Staff because of two words I care. All the work that I do, I am always working to my best abilities. I have never let down someone in the community, who is unable to attend to their needs and is in need for someone to be capable with them and understand them. I am very efficient and experienced, when I do my work. I always get it done and do it fast, but understand as Im going through it. I show great amount of respect and responsibility whenRead MorePersonal Narrative Reflection Paper1069 Words   |  5 PagesI have always questioned, why would anyone want to know my story. I don’t think that I have an impressive testimony, because I haven’t had experiences that others have—my parents aren’t divorced, I haven’t struggled with alcohol or drug consumption, and I haven’t dealt will sexual promiscuity. I have heard many testimonies telling about their struggles and how they have overcome them. Although, I may feel as though I do not have an elaborate or super life-changing story - I realize I have my ownRead MoreWhy Should I Be Moral?1394 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Should I Be Moral? The question of morality proves to be a complex interrogatory. Should I be moral? If I should be, then why? Why is morality important to society? An assumption can be made that morals derive from a purely religious perspective or the Golden Rule approach. We are told that it is right to be moral. This is an ineffective answer, since it does not apply to someone outside the moral circle (Olsen, 79). This in mind, there is really no way to prove this too a person

Breaking The Chains Of Violence Essay Research free essay sample

Interrupting The Chains Of Violence Essay, Research Paper Interrupting the Chains of Violence To return force for force does nil but escalate the being of force and immorality in the existence. Person must hold sense adequate and morality plenty to cut off the ironss of force and hatred. -Martin Luther King, Jr. We live in a society that has seen a enormous rise in juvenile force over the past 10 old ages. Juvenile homicides are twice as common today as they were in the mid-1980 # 8217 ; s ( Begley 35 ) . Forcible colzas by juveniles rose 28 % between 1981 and 1990, while aggravated assaults jumped 57 % ( Leone 61 ) . Dare we # 8220 ; have a dream # 8221 ; that future coevalss will no longer see the hatred and force we have in our present society? In order for this to go on, the causes of violent behaviour in kids must be recognized and stairss must be taken to do certain this force does non go on. Violence is a erudite behaviour in kids, non an familial one. Violence is defined as a threatened or existent usage of physical force against oneself or an single or group that either consequences or is likely to ensue in hurt or decease ( Krantzler 1 ) . Schoolyard shots, self-destruction, and adolescent force have become platitude in America # 8217 ; s society today. On March 24th, 1998, a schoolyard shot in Jonesburo left four misss and a instructor dead and 10 others injured. Two male childs, ages eleven and thirteen at the clip, are now functioning clip for the violent deaths. On April 20, 1999, the deadliest school hiting in American history occurred in Littleton, Colorado. Two adolescents ages 17 and 18 killed 15 or 16 people before taking their ain lives ( Craig ) . Besides dismaying are the violent deaths being committed by preschool and simple age kids: a ten-year old who killed a nine-month old babe by kicking and hitting her with places and a hoops until she stopped shouting ; a four-year old who climbed in a cot and stomped an eig ht-month old babe to decease ; a ten-year old who killed an 84 twelvemonth old neighbour by crushing her with a cane and cut downing her pharynx with a knife ( Morse 26 ) . These instances are flooring, yet they are increasing in figure. These Acts of the Apostless suggest that something is basically awry within our society. In order to understand how kids learn to be violent, it is necessary to hold a basic thought about the development of the encephalon. The encephalon can anatomically be divided into four basic parts: the brain-stem, the mesencephalon, the limbic encephalon, and the cerebral mantle. These four parts of the encephalon develop in a hierarchal patterned advance get downing with simple and bit by bit traveling to more complex maps. This development begins with the brain-stem which controls the basic and most indispensable maps necessary for endurance. These include nonvoluntary maps, like blood force per unit area, bosom rate, and organic structure temperature. The mesencephalon is following to develop and command maps such as appetency and slumber. The limbic encephalon comes after the mesencephalon and is the place of emotion and urge. Finally, the cerebral mantle, where logic, planning, and cognitive maps take topographic point, is developed ( 32 ) . The newborn encephalon is merely get downing to organize linking constructions ( dendrites and synapses ) between the four different countries of the encephalon that will let them to go to the full incorporate. While genetic sciences give the beginning model of the encephalon, existent affair is built by sound, sight, odor, touch, and motion from the outside environment. Our present twenty-four hours cognition of the encephalon paints a portrayal of an being that is invariably reflecting and seting to the environment the person is sing. The experiences of a kid will find the circuits that will be activated ( 32 ) . There are some surprising worlds when we seek to place what causes violent behaviour from the position of encephalon anatomy. Violent urges are generated in the lower parts of the encephalon, chiefly the limbic system. Under conditions of utmost menace or fury, the encephalon is flooded with emphasis endocrines. The limbic encephalon and mesencephalon are quickest to take control instead than the cerebral mantle, the centre of reason and wisdom, to mobilise the person. Harmonizing to Dr. Bruce Perry, our ability to believe before we act is related to the ratio between the excitant activity of the crude countries of the encephalon and the moderating attempts of the cortical or higher countries. Any factors which increase the activity or responsiveness of the brain-stem and limbic system ( e.g. chronic emphasis ) or decreases the moderating capacity of the cortical countries ( e.g. disregard ) will increase an single # 8217 ; s aggression, impulsiveness, and capacity to expose force. Violent behaviour is most likely to happen when a immature kid # 8217 ; s experiences result in deficiency of equal stimulation to the cerebral mantle together with overstimulation of the limbic system. Harmonizing to Dr. Perry, if these experiences are chronic and occur early plenty, a province of hyperarrousal or of numbing may go a lasting trait in a kid, puting the phase for a host of acquisition and behavioural jobs ( 33 ) . Research workers have found that during the first three old ages of encephalon development there are critical periods when accomplishments are either developed or lost everlastingly. It has been determined that there are critical periods for developing the ability to swear or experience connected to other people. While it would be nice to believe that given sufficient chance we can change by reversal any harm done to our kids, research Tells us that the effects of some early experiences can non be undone ( 203 ) . The lay waste toing consequences to both the emotional and cognitive development when a babe is deprived of early sensitive nurturing can be demonstrated by the kids geting from orphanhoods in Romania. These kids were left for months in rows of cot in the orphanhoods without a individual to prosecute them in address, keeping, or drama. They were all adopted before they were 36 months old by American households who lavished on them the best nurturing, educational, and curati ve intercessions available. After five old ages the kids were still demoing marks of their early childhood disregard. Language development still lagged far behind normal and the ability to make or keep fond regard to the adoptive parents was still non evident. Already kids were get downing to demo some opprobrious behavioural jobs ( 203 ) . Harmonizing to David Grossman, an expert on the psychological science of killing and a recent retired person from the U.S. Army, killing one # 8217 ; s ain sort is unnatural. You have to be taught to kill. Almost any species has a hardwired opposition to killing it # 8217 ; s ain sort ( 34 ) . The military employs several calculated techniques to learn the soldiers how to kill. These developing methods armed forcess use are brutalisation and debasement, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and function mold. Grossman believes our civilization is unwittingly utilizing these same methods to learn our kids to kill. Degradation and brutalisation is one of the first methods employed to learn a soldier to kill. In boot camp the soldiers are physically and verbally abused: infinite push ups, eternal hours at attending or running, while carefully trained professionals are shouting at you. The caput is shaved and everyone is dressed likewise in order to diminish the person # 8217 ; s individuality. This brutalisation is designed to interrupt down the soldiers # 8217 ; bing norms and to learn them to accept a new set of values. The soldiers are desensitized to force and accept it as a norm and a endurance accomplishment in a barbarous universe ( Grossman 34 ) . Unfortunately, immature kids can larn these lessons much quicker bec ause they come with no bing norms or values. As discussed earlier, the experiences of a neonate will really find which neuropathways are developed in the encephalon. Psychiatrist Dr. Dorothy Lewis has spent more that 25 old ages analyzing the motivations of liquidators. She believes that the seeds of force are sewn by childhood maltreatment ( Vaughan 551 ) . One of her most dramatic realisations after questioning tonss of childs behind bars has been the high rates of child maltreatment among kids who kill. In one survey, 96 per centum of murderous kids have come from helter-skelter household backgrounds, normally including household force. Ninety per centum have been abused as a kid by a household member ( Morse 122 ) . Jo Anne Page, executive manager to the Fortune Society, an organisation that helps ex-offenders reenter mainstream society, states that it is rare for them to see person who wasn’t viciously abused as a kid ( Goodwin 18 ) . Without cognizing why, immature kids may move every bit viciously as they were treated. Because they have been abused at such an early age, they consider the opprobrious behaviour as the # 8220 ; norm # 8221 ; . This can be reflected in the words of Jeffery, a 17 twelvemonth old on deathrow for slaying: I thought it was ordinary for so long, that every child lived the same sort of life I did. I didn # 8217 ; t believe it was anything unusual to see a child get crush up or to see him come to school with black eyes or contusions, possibly a broken arm or something like that. I didn # 8217 ; t think that was ever- every child went through it. I look back on it now, and I realize how sad that is. ( qtd. in Morse 246 ) The celebrated instance of Pavlov # 8217 ; s Canis familiariss is an illustration of classical conditioning. The Canis familiariss learned to tie in the tintinnabulation of the bell with nutrient, and, one time conditioned, the Canis familiariss would salivate every clip they heard the bell. Television, films, and pictures are implementing force in our kids through classical conditioning. The Journal of American Medical Association published a unequivocal epidemiological survey on the impact of telecasting force. The research demonstrated what happened in legion states after telecasting made its visual aspect as compared to states and parts without telecasting. In every state, part, or metropolis with telecasting, there was an immediate detonation of force on the resort area, and within 15 old ages at that place was a doubling of the slaying rate ( Grossman 34 ) . Children ticker vivid images of human agonies and decease, and they learn to tie in it with their favourite soft drinks and confect saloon. A five twelvemonth survey by the American Psychological Association found that the mean kid in this state witnesses eight 1000 slayings and one hundred thousand other Acts of the Apostless of force on telecasting by 7th class ( Goodwin 45 ) . The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ( AACAP ) contends that the telecasting is a really powerful influence on the values and behaviours of kids. A study from this organisation of head-shrinkers provinces that 100s of surveies have been conducted over the old ages on the ways sing force on telecasting effects kids and adolescents. Harmonizing to the AACAP, most of the grounds shows that kids become immune to the horror of force, come to accept force as a manner to work out jobs, copy the force they see, and frequently start visualizing themselves as similar to peculiar victimizers.After the Jonesboro hiting a high school teacher reported how her pupils had reacted after she told them about the shots at the in-between school. # 8220 ; They laughed, # 8221 ; she said in discouragement. A similar reaction often occurs in the film theatres when there is blood or force. The immature people laugh and go on eating their Zea mays everta and soft drinks ( Grossman 25 ) . The 3rd method the military utilizations is operant conditioning. This is a really powerful process utilizing stimulus-response. Synergistic point-and-shoot picture games and computing machine games besides employ operant conditioning to increase force in kids. A kid puts his one-fourth in the picture machine with the purpose to seek to hit as many objects as he can to win points. One survey done by The National Coalition on Television Violence charted the effects of a picture game played often by eight to ten twelvemonth olds. The game involved hiting synergistic optical maser picture arms at the # 8220 ; enemy # 8221 ; projected on the telecasting screen. The findings revealed a dramatic rise, about 80 per centum, in resort area combat following the period in which the immature people played the picture game ( Goodwin 42 ) . Many computing machine games are force oriented and teach the same accomplishments. Adding to this job, many kids today have easy entree to guns. One of the Jonesburo slayers had a just sum of experience with guns, but the other male child had about no experience hiting a gun. Between them, the two male childs fired 20 seven shootings at one hundred paces and hit 15 people. Harmonizing to Grossman, that is singular hiting. He contends that hiting truth in kids can be contributed to the picture games they play ( 38 ) . In the military the drill sergeant serves as a function theoretical account. He personifies force and aggressiveness. Along with military heroes, these violent function theoretical accounts have ever been used to act upon the immature soldiers. *** Our young person have plentifulness of violent function theoretical accounts supplied to them by the films, telecasting, stone instrumentalists, and the media. In one survey, striplings listed their favourite stone music. One fifth of the favourite songspicked had destructive subjects which explicitly advocated and promoted homocide, self-destruction, or demonic patterns ( Leone 83 ) .Violent subjects in stone music, particularly in modern-day heavy metal and hood stone, and their influence on kids and striplings, have been of concern in this state for several old ages. A figure of professionals, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Education Association, have suggested that such wordss promote destructive and self-d estructive behaviour in striplings ( 84 ) . A concatenation is merely every bit strong as its weakest nexus. In order to interrupt the ironss of force we must concentrate on the most vulnerable countries. The kids that have been raised in an opprobrious place are at a much greater hazard of exhibiting violent behaviour than those that have experienced a loving, secure relationship from birth. And, unluckily, as we have learned, by school age the form has already been set. Intervention must be started at a much earlier age. Some suggestions are: pre-parenting categories should be made mandatary in our high schools, place trial by trained forces for all neonates in high hazard countries, instruction for first clip parents about the emotional and behavioural development of the baby. Some Torahs should be passed to supervise the force kids are exposed to through telecasting, picture games, the films, and music. Once the ironss of force are broken, we can hopefully get down to reconstruc t the links with love and security. Goodwin, William. Teen Violence. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc. , 1998. Hyde, Margaret. Kids In and Out of Trouble. Dutton, NY: Cobblehill Books, 1995. Zimring, Franklin E. American Youth Violence. New york: Oxford UP, 11998. Krantzler, Nora J. and Kathleen R. Miner. Violence Health Facts. Santa Cruz, California: ETR Associates, 1996. Landav, Elaine. Teenage Violence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Julian Messner, 1990. Leone, Bruno. Youth Violence. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. , 1992. Craig, Richard. # 8220 ; Colorado School Shooters Identified # 8221 ; . Cable News Network. April 21, 1999. November 12, 1999

Examining Credibility Perceptions and Online Travelers

Question: Discuss about the Examining Credibility Perceptions and Online Travelers. Answer: Introduction: The journal examines an issue in the tourism sector. It is research which stipulates different strategies used to achieve the results in tourism sector. It evaluates the knowledge sharing behavior in social media platform (Croes and Ridderstaat, 2017). It examined the consequences of 3 dimensions of cognitive, social capital and relationships of TripAdvisor and Facebook. It came up with a proposal on the structural models which link consequence and antecedent of the primary dimensions of the social capital (Boley et al., 2013). It pointed out that neither shared visions nor the trust drive knowledge on TripAdvisor and on the other hand shared views had an impact on Facebook (Ayeh et al., 2013). It also found that the two social media platforms, social interaction links have a crucial role in encouraging the users to comment and post opinions. However, homophily was found not to have any effect on trust in both platforms. The journal further is relevant to the study as it explored various ideas on the Facebook and TripAdvisor which can be advantageous for investors to use while they want to improve their businesses (Gibson et al., 2014). As way to show weakness of the study, the journal address implications it had it getting the data, and also it offer recommendation which is necessary for future research. The journal offers hints on knowledge sharing which involves some kinds of behaviors which assist in exchanging the already acquired information. It indicates how posting comments in the two platforms can affect the tourism. It also showed how posting comments by tourism reveals the great experiences they went through during the visit (Ayeh et al., 2013). The journal further came up with information that there is little information on knowledge sharing in the setting of social media platforms. It also indicated that platforms such as TripAdvisor attribute to the active engagement of the online commu nity in offering opinions of their experiences. It also offers statistics on the popularity of the two platforms used which is a good step in advising tourist on better sites to use while sharing their experiences. The journal is poorly organized. It provided theoretical framework without even providing the literature of the work which could have made the reader first get clear information on what other authors have mentioned on the issue. Again journal should state clearly its objectives so that it will be clear on specific things they wanted to study. The part of discussions is not included in the journal. The presentation should have included discussion of the findings in its different subtopic rather that mixing the two parts at a go. It contradicts the whole format of presenting journal information, and to meet the needs of the reader; it should be made simple and attractive. It is Journal of Tourism Research Hospitality Research Article which examines the consequences of cyclic patterns of changes in climate on the demand of tourism. The journal drives its evidence from Aruba. To be specific, it evaluates the effects of temperature, rainfall, and the wind and the way they affect the demands of the tourism from USA, Venezuela, and Netherlands on Aruba which is a small state situated at the Island (KoÃ… ¾i?, 2014). It also included two significant atmospheric variabilities; Northern Atlantic Oscillation and El Nino. The journal further employs wavelet analysis due to the inconvenience of economic and meteorological time series. It came out with results that push and pull cyclical climatic issues had a significant influence on the demand for tourism from the three states used (Kazaki, et al., 2017). It further offers recommendations that the tourism and climatic variabilities should be considered especially when developing the models of tourism demand. Journal of Tourism Research Hospitality Research Article does research on tourism. By conducting different types of studies, this journal can get issues which affect hospitality industry at hand (Oduber et al., 2015). It finds research on headwinds which affect the hospitality industry in Aruba and try to evaluate how such impacts could mean to the economy. The Journal analyzed the ways which climatic issues have the influence of tourism and its relevance on how it tackles issues is systematic. It provides insight for investors so that they could make proper decisions before making a market entry. These are critical views which can assist hoteliers and clients to understand what are going on in the industry in regards to climatic changes. It uses different techniques to come up with results and based on the case study it uses, the authenticity of the results is high, and it contributes to a real life situation. The conclusions drawn can are relevant to the industry, and it can be us ed to solve issues in future (Do, 2014). Also, it prepares tourist on the best days to have visits to Aruba in regards to changes in weather. Recommendations The article is much detailed, and it should consider presenting its information in a simple manner which can attract the reader to draw the meaning quickly. It should shorten its background information and focus on the methodologies and discussions which in turn could offer much information concerning what was researched. Instead of presenting images of its finding in the different web page, it could be convenient if it had put it on the same presentation page to keep the reader with flowing information. It also should offer recommendations which are necessary for further research. Reference list Ayeh, J.K., Au, N. and Law, R., 2013. Do we believe in TripAdvisor? Examining credibility perceptions and online travelers attitude toward using user-generated content.Journal of Travel Research,52(4), pp.437-452. Boley, B.B., Magnini, V.P. and Tuten, T.L., 2013. Social media picture posting and souvenir purchasing behavior: Some initial findings.Tourism Management,37, pp.27-30. Campo, S., 2017. Knowledge Sharing Among Tourists via Social Media: A Comparison Between Facebook and TripAdvisor.International Journal of Tourism Research,19(1), pp.107-119. Croes, R. and Ridderstaat, J., 2017. The effects of business cycles on tourism demand flows in small island destinations.Tourism Economics, p.1354816617697837. Do, T.T.T., Martens, P., Luu, N.H., Wright, P. and Choisy, M., 2014. Climatic-driven seasonality of emerging dengue fever in Hanoi, Vietnam.BMC public health,14(1), p.1078. Gibson, H.J., Walker, M., Thapa, B., Kaplanidou, K., Geldenhuys, S. and Coetzee, W., 2014. Psychic income and social capital among host nation residents: A prepost analysis of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.Tourism Management,44, pp.113-122. kazaki, S., Andreu, L. and KoÃ… ¾i?, I., 2014. Detecting international tourism demand growth cycles.Current Issues in Tourism,17(5), pp.397-403. Oduber, M., Ridderstaat, J. and Martens, P., 2015. The Connection of Vegetation with Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Case Study for Aruba.Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A,4, pp.420-431.