Business and Management Research Paper

Business and Management Research Paper Research Paper: Identifying Key Concepts in Business and Management Introduction Key concepts in business are important for the growth of any entity. This is because such concepts determine the direction in which the business is governed, and hence, they determine the success or failure of any business. By understanding the key concepts applied in the business environment, managers are able to avoid errors that may arise in business operations such as poor financial management. The purpose of this paper is to explore different concepts used in key areas of business operations. The key areas include dynamic business environment, critical business functions, the integration of individuals and systems, and ethics and social responsibilities that confront a business. Dynamic business environment In our text, Boone Kurtz (2010) defined business management as the process of managing an organization by applying various business concepts on the set objectives. For the objectives to be met there must be stable functions of the organization such as good planning, organizing, coordination, and directing. These functions can be achieved through well co-ordinated management team. Therefore, good business management results into smooth flow of business activities. In a business set up, various dynamic business environments may affect the performance of the firm negatively or positively. One of the key concepts in the area of dynamic business environment is economic changes. Economic changes refer to changing trends of general performance in an economy. Economic changes comprise of economic boom and recession. Economic boom has a positive effect on the business environment because businesses generate supernormal profits. Economic recession has a negative effect on business environment because it results into a slowdown in demand and thus a reduction in production. Firms and businesses wind up during economic cycle. Another concept in the area of dynamic business environment is market conditions. Market conditions refer to the extent of demand and supply of goods and services in the market. Demand and supply are the main determinants of prices of goods and services. The presence of many competitions in the market results into a reduction in prices of goods and services. To beat this odd, Beaumont (2003) noted that a firm must differentiate its products by producing goods and providing services of high quality and standards as well as developing good relationships with the customers. Boone and Kurtz (2010) observed that maintaining good customer relations increases the sales revenue generated by the firm even when market conditions are unfavourable. The other concept in the area of dynamic business environment is changes in government policies and regulations. Governments change regulations and business policies to regulate business activities. Such regulations may include high taxes imposed on businesses, changes in business registration requirements and policies for reduction in carbon emissions. Failure to observe these changes in government policies may lead to increased conflicts between the government and the firms thus destabilising business operations. Critical business functions An organization is divided into operation units that perform different functions. Such functions include human resource, sales and marketing, information technology, production or operation, research and development, finance and accounting and customer service. These functions are undertaken in different levels of management in the organization. These functions are interconnected in different ways. For example, the human resource trains people to work in customer service. The quality of customer service affects the sales generated by the firm. Research and development, generates new methods of production and operation. Information technology affects the extent to which the sales and marketing teams reach the customers in the market. The accounting and finance departments must work to ensure that the human resource receive their salaries in time as a way of motivating the human resource to perform their duties with dedication. In this regard, the concepts above are intertwined and the y generate a positive effect in the long run if the management does not create barriers between the departments represented by the functions above. Integration of individuals and systems Boone and Kurtz (2010) noted that a smooth flow of activities can be achieved in the organization through proper co-ordination between the workers and the organizational management. The three types of communication flow that must be taken into consideration to enhance better business management include; (a) upward communication; (b) Horizontal flow of communication and (c) downward communication flow. Upward communications refer to communication between subordinates and managers. Managers should create a free and fair environment that allows them to welcome any worker with an issue. Upward communication enhances the relationship between the managers and the workers which make the workers feel as part and parcel of the firm. Horizontal communications refer to positive relations between people of the same level. This means that departmental managers should develop positive relations in order to increase the connection of service delivery between the departments. This will allow effective information flow between the departments. In downward communication, messages and information flow from the managers to subordinates. Effective and timely delivery of information from the manager to the subordinates enhances the time within which activities are undertaken in the firm. A delay in the flow of information from the manager delays every other activity being undertaken in the firm. Therefore, all persons from the manager to the subordinates must work together to achieve the desired objectives. Ethical and social responsibilities that confront a business Ethical responsibilities refer to the acceptable code of conducts that guide the behaviour of people in the organization. Ethical responsibilities may be determined by the government, customers, competitors and the business environment at large (Weybrecht, 2010). For example, courtesy in dealing with customers may be an important consideration in beating competitors. The dressing code may be determined by the government to enhance smartness during service delivery both in private and public held institutions. Social responsibility refers to the society’s requirements towards the firm. For example, producing high quality products and selling the products at an affordable price is a social responsibility (Weybrecht, 2010). Additionally, adopting green production methods to reduce emission of green house gases is another social responsibility. Providing a safe and healthy working environment is another example of social responsibility. Treating customers with courtesy and paying the pending debts in time is another important concept in the area of social responsibilities that confront a business. Positive behaviour concept in the organization includes relating with other people positively and following proper channels of dispute resolution. It also involves dressing smartly in the office in order to gain respect particularly from the customers. Ethical and social responsibilities are important considerations in the organization without which the business may not yield the desired objectives. Conclusion In the above sections, different areas that touch sufficiently on operations in the firm have been discussed. They include dynamic business environment where concepts such as economic changes, market conditions and changes in business regulations and policies. The other area discussed is critical business functions where concepts such as human resource, sales and marketing, finance and accounting, production or operation, information technology, research and development as well as customer service have been discussed. The area of integration of individuals and systems has also been discussed. The concepts discussed here include upward communication, horizontal communication and, downward communication. All these make up the flow of communication in the organization. Further, the area of ethical and social responsibilities has been discussed. Among the concepts explored in this area include the responsibility of the firm towards the society in terms of employment, reduction in pollution of the environment and payment of better salaries and wages to the workers. Other concepts discussed in this area include proper dressing codes, handling of customers with care and using courteous language under the area of ethical responsibilities that confront the business. For any company to succeed, all these concepts must be taken into consideration because they may affect the business positively or negatively.

Nuclear Power in Iran Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nuclear Power in Iran - Research Paper Example The paper also emphasizes on the operations of the power programs and the research centers that were developed in Iran. Iran, which is considered to be the country that has highest nuclear power established many nuclear power plants to use the power in an effective way. The power plants are the major source of income to the country. The European countries helped Iran to establish power plants and to use them in an efficient way. This article concentrates mainly on the nuclear power and the power plants in Iran. Iran has used the nuclear power to yield more profit to its country. (Benliot, 2001).Though most of the other countries were against the policy of using the nuclear power and establishing power plants, some of the developed countries have lent a helping hand to Iran. This was the greatest advantage and Iran used these opportunities to make use of the nuclear power. The nuclear weapons program was also developed during the 1950's and it became one of the serious issues of that time. Iran started to export oil and gas with the help of the nuclear power. This was achieved by Shah and the target was decided as 23,000 Megawatts. Since then the export of oil and gas became an important part of the country's economy. The Islamic revolution contributed to The Iranian revolution began in the year 1979.The nuclear power program was successful till 1979 and the Iranian revolution created many problems. ... The Iranian government struggled to maintain the stable situation of the government. The nuclear power program which worked effectively till then fell as a victim to the Iranian revolution. The export operation of oil and gas was temporarily suspended and the payment for the nuclear power was also stopped. (Erlich, 2003).The Iranian revolution then led to various other problems that contributed to the issues that arose in the beginning of 1980's. Though the revolution led to problems, it also had certain positive effects. The United States declared the nuclear power since it was in the preliminary stage and this was one of the reasons to the suspension of the export of nuclear weapons. Since this was against the norms of the government it created problems. The import, export or manufacture of nuclear weapons was completely against a country's rules and regulations. During this problem many people from U.S.A were kept as hostages in Iran. This led to a situation where U.S opposed the Iran's idea of nuclear plants and programs increased. The Iranian revolution was not favorable and most of the countries decided to stop their contracts and dealings with Iran. Though most of the countries did not deal directly with the nuclear operations, they decided to end their proposals and communications with Iran. The main aim of this revolution was to improve the existing situation of Iran. But the result was not as expected by the government and the neighboring countries. This article gave more importance to the problems that Iran faced after the implementation of nuclear program. The logic of the article lied in the explanation of the nuclear power and its impact on the other countries. The author emphasizes on the importance of the nuclear power

Comparing English with Persian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparing English with Persian - Essay Example Being a popular and traditional language, Persian did not remain confined to Iran only; rather, it is spoken and understood in few central Asian states along with Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. It had enjoyed the status of official language of India from the beginning of the Muslim rule under the Sultanates of Delhi till the fall of Mughal Empire in 1857. Additionally, Persian is aptly viewed as the sweet and melodious language (sheereen zubaan) because of the sophistication and tenderness. Sheikh Sa’di, Farrukhi, Omar Khayaam, Behki, Romi, Iqbal and others are most prominent Persian writers and poets. English: English is the most dominant and popular language of contemporary era, and is spoken in almost all countries of the world at large. The main reasons behind its unabated popularity include the many centuries long rule of the British Imperialism over several Asian and African countries, as well as the technological inventions made by the English spea king nations of the world. Hence, English is being taught as a compulsory language in all parts of the globe. Chaucer, Spencer, Shakespeare, Johnson, Milton, Coleridge, Austen, Keats, Emily Bronte and Frost are the most prominent literary figures of English Literature. STRUCTURE OF THE LANGUAGES UNDER ANALYSIS: Since both English and Persian are written in quite a different way, which share least characteristics with each other. It is partially due to the very fact that the former resembles with French, German and Spanish, while the latter share commonalities with Arabic, Urdu and Turkish languages. The basic structure of both these languages has been analysed as following: SYNTAX: Both English and Persian share the same number of subjects in grammar, which are six in both the languages. Since both English and Persian have first person, second person and third person as addressees, both look taking after one another grammatically. ENGLISH PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS, OBJECTS AND POS SESSIVES Singular Subject Object Possessive First Person I Me My, Mine Second Person You You Your, Yours Third Person He/ She/It His/ Her/Its Him/ Her/It Plural Subject Object Possessive First Person We Us Our Second Person You You Your, Yours Third Person They Them Their PERSIAN PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS, OBJECTS AND POSSESSIVES Singular Subject Object Possessive First Person Mann Mann raa addition of the alphabet meem (?) after every object OR addition of Mann after the object Second Person To/Tu To/Tu Tera/shuma Third Person Ou Ou Ou raa Plural Subject Object Possessive First Person Maa Maa Maa raa Second Person Taan/Shumaa Tu Taan shuma Third Person Ou Eeshaan, aanhaa Ou raa In English grammar, singular first person is described as I, my and me, whereas in Persian, the subject is translated as single word mann, while possessive is translated by adding the alphabet meem (?) after the noun related to the first person. Similarly, the first person singular object is translate d as mann or mann raa (i.e. of or related to me). Similarly, while making plural of first person, the subject we is translated as maa, and for object us, the same maa is generally applied. However, in first person possessive, raa is added to maa, making it maa raa. Similarly, second person is written as tu , shuma and tu or shuma raa in place of you, yours and you

INDEPENDENT STUDY RESEARCH ON THE PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETTING Paper

INDEPENDENT STUDY ON THE PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETTING TO AN ORGANISATION - Research Paper Example 22 4 Study Methodology 22 5 Analysis & Findings 23 6 Conclusions, limitations of the study and recommendations for further study 24 7 Bibliography 27 List of Table S.NO Heading Page No 1 Capital Expenditure Spent by Various Companies 15 2 Alternatives to Traditional Budgeting 18 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT A lot of effort has been made in the theoretical area of budgeting and its concept but little has been done to show the applicability and the importance of the budgeting process to organisations. It is no wonder the truth that many students in the field of finance, accounting, strategic management and other related fields have a lot of theory and little practicability about the theories. This study was aimed at linking theory with practical applications of the theory of management accounting. This was done by looking at how organisations apply the various theoretical aspects of strategic managerial accounting. 2.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY This study is important since it was carried out t o reinforce the theory of budgeting and its application in real life situations. The study also gives advice on how businesses can go about budgeting and this will go a long way to provide information on the same to organisations. 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the study were: To appreciate the managerial accounting theory. Appraise the importance of budgeting to the success of an organisation and discuss the available budgeting methods. Discuss the budgeting process. Analyse the assumptions of budgeting. To link managerial accounting theory with practical application. 2.3 Learning outcomes Appreciate the purpose of traditional budgets Appraise the conventional process of budgeting, including variance analysis Critically assess alternative methods of budgeting, including ‘beyond budgeting’ Analyse budget assumptions and critically review budget outputs To under the significance of capital budgeting To comprehend about the purpose and the nature of a marke ting budget. To know whether the company is functioning within its means. To help both management and employees to strive hard on common goals. Though a budget is a useful tool, it may not always drive the financial activity of a business organisation. To illustrate how budgets can be employed and amended for control and planning.(Open University 2006 :10) 3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Management accounting is a specialisation of accounting that deals with provision of information to managers for use in planning, decision making and control functions (Bragg 2009). It involves collection, analysis and interpretation of accounting information for managers of an organisation to help the managers to make plans, make decisions and control to ensure that the organisation goals are being achieved. Management accounting extends to cover strategic management, performance management and risk management which are key issues in management. The tools used in management accounting are costing techniques, budgets and control charts among other tools (Waygandt, Kimmel and Kieso 2009). According to UK

Shrek & Donkey Essay Example for Free

Shrek Donkey Essay In traditional fairytales Ogres are man eating beasts, the prince usually rescues the princess, they marry and live happily ever after. How do the makers of Shrek use presentational devices to reverse this tradition, to reveal the ogre as good and the prince as evil? Shrek is obviously not a stereotypical fairytale because of its language and the features of the characters. The characters arent what they seem to be. Shrek is an ogre who is supposed to be bad and cruel, they are uncivilised just like the ogre in Jack and the beanstalk; he chases Jack saying fee fie foe fum; I smell the blood of an Englishman. The princess is supposed to be in distress and desperate to be saved. They have a beautiful voice which is supposed to attract the prince and they are normally scared and not demanding at a stage of crisis. The prince which in this case is Lord Farquaad is supposed to be kind, charming and his main job is to rescue and marry the princess. In Shrek the whole idea of a fairytale has been turned around by making the ogre Shrek the good guy the Lord Farquaad the bad guy and Princess Fiona not a damsel in distress. The filmmakers use a different technique to make the ogre seem good and the lord seems bad. To make this successful they used language, camera shots at different angles and special effects such as sounds and light effects. The film starts of with a traditional beginning with the usual once upon a time, there was a lovely princess. But she had an enchantment upon her of a fearful sort that could only be broken by true loves kiss. She was locked in the highest room in the tallest tower, guarded by a terrible fire-breathing dragon. Many brave knights tried to free her from this dreadful prison, but none prevailed. So she sat in her tower and waited for true love, and true loves first kiss. and the soft slow music in the background. Shrek then rips that page and wipes his bottom saying, like thats ever going to happen, with a Scottish accent. He then bangs the toilet door and then you notice a change in music and atmosphere. There is a sought of rock and roll music which suggest to the viewers that Shrek is not going to be a movie that they had expected it to be like. This is the first clue given to us about what the story is going to be like. This opening breaks all the rules of fairytales because in Cinderella, sleeping beauty and snow white they all have a similar beginning. Once upon a time there lived a princess who the fairytale kept to a same rhythm and only if the princess sang then there would be a change in sound. They all had the same story line; the princess is either put to sleep or locked away by a witch or someone evil. The prince is handsome and is only there to fight the dragon or any evil creature to save the princess they kiss, marry and live happily ever after, the witch or the evil person is either killed or locked the end. But Shreks opening is original and something new for the viewers eyes. The part when Shrek says, like thats ever going to happen starts the turning point in this story. By the time the introduction music is over the viewers know that they are not fated for a conventional story. When the villagers come to attack Shrek he just stays calm and tells them, Now ogres, theyre much worse. Theyll make a suit from your freshly peeled skin. Theyll shave your liver, squeeze the jelly from your eyes. Actually, its quite good on toast. This bit tells us that Shrek is bad and that he will kill all these innocent people. But then we see a change in the character because he says, This is the part where you run away. This shows us that Shrek is good and this is quite odd because they are supposed to be evil. When the donkey approaches Shrek roars at him and tries to intimidate him, the donkey is not frightened but instead he laughs at him saying, Wow, that was really scary and if you dont mind me saying, if that dont work, your breath will certainly get the job done, cause you definitely need some Tic Tacs or something cause your breath STINKS. This shows that Donkey is not afraid of Shrek and that he has the courage to tell the big ogre about his negative things. Donkey is immediately liked by the audience because of his sense of humor. Donkey can see straight through Shrek and knows that he would not hurt anybody. The audience also finds this out when he saves Donkey from the guards, this shows us that Shrek has a heart and is not like normal ogres are; man-eating beasts. The Donkey irritates Shrek by following him to his house and then criticizing a place, Whoa. Look at that. Whod wanna live in a place like that? which is supposed to be Shreks home, That would be my home. Donkey then tries to reverse things around by saying, Oh and it is LOVELY. You know, youre really quite a decorator. Its amazing what youve done with such a modest budget. I like that boulder. That is a NICE boulder. This shows that Donkey would do anything to stay with Shrek and he is a funny character who can be loved by anybody. He then intimidates him by running in his house and peering in the window. After Shrek allows him to stay for one night he starts says, Thank you! Oh this is gonna be fun! We can stay up late, swap manly stories and in the morning, Im making waffles. But in the end he stays outside the house because Shrek does not want him to stay. This makes us feel sorry for Donkey and at this bit we sympathize on him making him feel venerable and not care for the ogre feelings. We think that Shrek is rude and selfish for not sharing his house for one day with Donkey.

Partnerships and Limited Companies

Partnerships and Limited Companies The Partnership Act 1890 defines a partnership as the relation which subsists between people carrying on a business in common with a view of profit. (Alan Griffiths Stuart Wall) states This is a form of business relationship which is usually entered into by individuals who wish to take advantage of the combined capital, managerial skills and experience of two or more people.(p133) Definition of limited companies Limited companies are companies whose ownership is in the hands of shareholders who appoint directors to report at meetings, these meeting are often annual. The directors and managers are responsible for the day to day running of the business and then report back to the shareholders. There are two types of limited companies, Private Limited Companies (Ltd) and Public Limited Companies (Plc). These must issue a Memorandum of Association defining its relationship with the outside world and Articles of Association defining its internal government. Advantages of partnerships An advantage of a partnership compared to a limited company is that you can set up a partnership with any starting capital. With limited companies at least  £50,000 is needed. Globally, a partnership means less bureaucracy and a more flexible structure. For example, it is not required to hold formal board meetings annually or generally. This shows that this type of business is easier to run. Partners cant be expelled and can stop new incoming partners according to Partnership Act 1890, (Section25). This is in link with the changes in composition of the partners that imply a new firm to be created and the old firm can be dissolved if there are any changes. It also implies that incoming partners will not be liable for what occurred before they join, and outgoing partners for what occurred after they leave. There are no requirements to publish full financial details, so there is more privacy for partners. Finances only need be declared for tax and VAT. Another key advantage is that co sts, risks and responsibility is shared between the partners, keeping the control of the company to a minimum. Disadvantages of partnerships The main disadvantage of a partnership is the unlimited liability of the debts. All partners are liable together for the debts and other liabilities of the firm. The liability applies to their private assets of the partners. (Business law, p88) There is no full insurance over on offer for professional liability claims. A partner is still liable after his death for the debts incurred by the firm while he was a partner and after his retirement if he did not notice his retirement in the London Gazette (business law, p88). The solution to this disadvantage is to be a limited partner and so the liability of the partner is limited for the debts of the firm (limited Partnership Act 1907). However one partner must be a general partner meaning this partner would be fully liable for the firms debts. If one partner does a wrongful act or an omission in the course of the business, the firm is liable for the wrongful act or the omission of the partner (Partnership Act 1890, section 10). Moreover there is no separate entity. According to the book Law for Business a partnership is not a legal person, though it may sue or may be sued in the firms name. Thus the partners own the property of the firm. (p624) Finally a partnership is not convenient for huge structure businesses, as disagreement between partners can cause difficulties in decision making. Advantages of Limited companies A limited Company exists as a legal entity in itself, separate from its owners and managers. Liability for debts is limited to the amount of issued share capital. Capon (2004 p16) Advantages of limited companies are that if Arkwright was to go for a Private Limited Company (ltd), then he would only need one director. If he were to go for a public limited company (plc) then the minimum would be two. An advantage of a limited company is the limited liability this would create. This shows that personal possessions of the owners are protected as they cannot lose more than they have invested. If Arkwright was to choose a private limited company, Arkwright would benefit from having a relaxed time limit in which he has to submit annual accounts to the Registrar of Companies. Another advantage of starting up a private limited company is that there is not a set amount of capital that the company has to start up with; it can be created on what Arkwright decides on. If Arkwright were to desire a private limited company, then there isnt a set of rules in the Companies Legislation that private limited companies are to comply with. There is however, for a public limited company. Lastly, a rather significant advantage of a public limited company is that, there is no limit in age in which Arkwright has to retire by. He can still be a director beyond the age of 70 and for as long after that as he wants. Disadvantages of Limited companies Ltds: A disadvantage of being a LTD is that you cannot sell shares on the London Stock Exchange to the general public, thus losing a large proportion of possible buyers. Shares can only be sold to relatives; which makes it harder for investors to get their money back if they want to sell shares. There is often only a limited amount of capital that can be raised from friends and family. Another disadvantage is that unless the founding member is the majority share holder they may loose control over the business. A. Griffiths and S. Wall. (2008 p135) PLC: There are many legal formalities that must be addressed before a PLC can start up, for example a solicitor must be paid to set the company up making it more expensive then a partnership or sole trader. The company must pay an auditor to check accounts independently to ensure the accounts are all in order to be viewed by the public and shareholders. All activities are closely monitored by company law, to ensure that company is making public every account it should. As the company must publish the accounts the company loses some privacy to competitors. Due to this there may be competition that offers a takeover bid, buying all the shares available on sale, and there is nothing the managers can do to stop this. One final main point is that the companies can become very large and bureaucratic. Poor communication often arises leading to inefficiency. The divorce of control and ownership causes problems with share holders and managers, as their goals/aims for the company may be quite different. CONCLUSION Each form of company has its strengths and weaknesses but according to its activity, its structures, etc each firm should find the form that suits best for its business. To our particular case, Arkwright should opt for a LLP, REASONS : References A. Griffiths S. Wall, Economics for Business and Management. Second Edition, (2008) K.Denis, Law for Business, published by Pearson education UK, (2006) D.Keenan, R.Sarah, Business Law, 8th edition, Pearson education UK, (2007) Limited Partnership Act 1907 Partnership Act 1890 section 10 and 30 Bibliography

Is Subliminal Advertising Effective? Essays -- essays research papers

Is Subliminal Advertising Effective? The average American views an average of 1500 ads every single day! Did you know that some of these ads have hidden pictures, words, or even sound inside of them? These hidden things are called subliminal messages. When used correctly, these hidden messages have been proven to persuade us to do certain things. What are Subliminal Messages? Subliminal messages are things that are stored inside of our subconscious. They are known as are hidden messages because we have no knowledge of the things inside our subconscious. The subconscious is one part of our brain. We are not aware of the things inside our subconscious part. However, our subconscious remembers every single detail of every single thing we see! It works just like a computer because it views information (ads), and stores it into our memory (brain.) Some examples are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a small image(s) hidden inside a larger picture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a audio message hidden inside a cassette tape †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hidden messages inside songs that you hear when you play it backwards †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hidden words or pictures that quickly appear inside a television show, movie, or commercial In order for these items to be subliminal or "hidden" messages, they must not be noticeable to the human eye or ear. Our subconscious effects us on a daily basis. In fact, it is responsible for the following: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  little slips of the tongue †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  unexplainable actions or thoughts †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ideas, songs and memories that suddenly "pop" into our heads In the Beginning: Subliminal messages have become a very powerful way to get your message out to the public. It all started in 1957 when James M. Vicary created an "invisible commercial" for a movie theatre. This "invisible commercial" contained several brief messages that were hidden inside of one main message. For example, during the main commercial the words "Drink Coca-Cola" and "Hungary? Eat Popcorn" would flash on the screen. These interruptions would occur every five seconds, and they would last for 1/3000th of a second. These brief food and beverage interruptions were not noticeable to the viewers. However, the people that watched these commercials had an unexplainable urge to eat popcorn and drink coca-cola. Overall, popcorn sales increased 57.5% and drink sales increased 18.1%. People were outraged when they heard about th... ...ble teach people who would have been almost impossible to reach any other way. Subliminal messages are also inside tapes to help people quit smoking and lose weight. These tapes have proven to be very effective. Unfortunately, people don't always stop smoking after listening to these tapes, but they do smoke less than they used to. Conclusion Subliminal messages are a very, very powerful marketing tool. They can be used to persuade us to feel or do may different things. However, the effects of subliminal messages are short term. The only exception to this short term effect occurs when the subliminal messages are teaching us to do or not to do something. Here is a list of websites with examples of subliminal ads. Sources: "Subliminal Messages Alive and Well" komar.cs.stthomas.edu.qm425/fisher3.htm Butler, S. Ron, "subliminal advertising: return of the hidden persuaders" disinfo.com/pages/dossier/id321/pg1/ "The Effects of Subliminal Advertising" uoguelph.ca/~mbateson/subliminal.html Thomas, Chris "Subliminal Perception" cbt.wiu.edu/John_Drea/subliminal_perception.htm Leroux, Kivi "Subliminal Messages" emagazine.com/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html Is Subliminal Advertising Effective? Essays -- essays research papers Is Subliminal Advertising Effective? The average American views an average of 1500 ads every single day! Did you know that some of these ads have hidden pictures, words, or even sound inside of them? These hidden things are called subliminal messages. When used correctly, these hidden messages have been proven to persuade us to do certain things. What are Subliminal Messages? Subliminal messages are things that are stored inside of our subconscious. They are known as are hidden messages because we have no knowledge of the things inside our subconscious. The subconscious is one part of our brain. We are not aware of the things inside our subconscious part. However, our subconscious remembers every single detail of every single thing we see! It works just like a computer because it views information (ads), and stores it into our memory (brain.) Some examples are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a small image(s) hidden inside a larger picture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a audio message hidden inside a cassette tape †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hidden messages inside songs that you hear when you play it backwards †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hidden words or pictures that quickly appear inside a television show, movie, or commercial In order for these items to be subliminal or "hidden" messages, they must not be noticeable to the human eye or ear. Our subconscious effects us on a daily basis. In fact, it is responsible for the following: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  little slips of the tongue †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  unexplainable actions or thoughts †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ideas, songs and memories that suddenly "pop" into our heads In the Beginning: Subliminal messages have become a very powerful way to get your message out to the public. It all started in 1957 when James M. Vicary created an "invisible commercial" for a movie theatre. This "invisible commercial" contained several brief messages that were hidden inside of one main message. For example, during the main commercial the words "Drink Coca-Cola" and "Hungary? Eat Popcorn" would flash on the screen. These interruptions would occur every five seconds, and they would last for 1/3000th of a second. These brief food and beverage interruptions were not noticeable to the viewers. However, the people that watched these commercials had an unexplainable urge to eat popcorn and drink coca-cola. Overall, popcorn sales increased 57.5% and drink sales increased 18.1%. People were outraged when they heard about th... ...ble teach people who would have been almost impossible to reach any other way. Subliminal messages are also inside tapes to help people quit smoking and lose weight. These tapes have proven to be very effective. Unfortunately, people don't always stop smoking after listening to these tapes, but they do smoke less than they used to. Conclusion Subliminal messages are a very, very powerful marketing tool. They can be used to persuade us to feel or do may different things. However, the effects of subliminal messages are short term. The only exception to this short term effect occurs when the subliminal messages are teaching us to do or not to do something. Here is a list of websites with examples of subliminal ads. Sources: "Subliminal Messages Alive and Well" komar.cs.stthomas.edu.qm425/fisher3.htm Butler, S. Ron, "subliminal advertising: return of the hidden persuaders" disinfo.com/pages/dossier/id321/pg1/ "The Effects of Subliminal Advertising" uoguelph.ca/~mbateson/subliminal.html Thomas, Chris "Subliminal Perception" cbt.wiu.edu/John_Drea/subliminal_perception.htm Leroux, Kivi "Subliminal Messages" emagazine.com/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html